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Jingdong book

出生缺陷防治

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Books Medical Science Pediatrics

Jingdong book

出生缺陷防治

Name: 出生缺陷防治
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3117054831
Price: 23.03 USD
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全民健康科技行动，中华医学会“常见多发病防治技术要点，筛选和普及研究”课题社区培训用书
温家宝总理2009年政府工作报告将“加强出生缺陷的预防工作”列入当年的政府工作重点；同年，卫生部正式启动了“增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷”等重大公共卫生专项妇幼卫生项目。
为什么预防出生缺陷会受到政府如此高度的重视？补服叶酸的措施为什么这么重要？出生缺陷的危害到底有多严重？如何积极预防出生缺陷？有常年出生缺陷防治经验的李竹教授等多位专家将对这些问题进行一一讲解。
科学生活，健康快乐。

Content Description

《出生缺陷防治》以“科学生活、健康快乐”为宗旨的“全民健康科技行动”是科技部、卫生部、中宣部、中国科协等14部委共同主办的大型科技行动。为将该活动落到实处，相关部门进行了积极的组织、配合。其中，由中华医学会承担的国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重点项目课题“常见多发病防治技术要点筛选和普及研究”，将完成一系列面向基层医疗机构、医务工作者和公众的培训、宣传、咨询等活动。“知名医学专家对话社区医生”丛书即是该课题的社区培训用书，由多位著名医学专家编写，涵盖了多种社区常见疾病，对基层医务工作者及公众都有较好的参考作用。

Author Description

李竹，北京大学流行病学教授，博士生导师。前北京大学生育健康研究所所长、中美预防神经管缺陷及中美预防出生缺陷和残疾合作项目主任。长期从事流行病学方法、围产与儿科、妇幼保健及出生缺陷的流行病学研究.并持续与美国疾病控制中心等国际组织开展合作研究长达25年。
在国际上首次研究证实“妇女增补小剂量叶酸可以预防神经管缺陷和其他重大出生缺陷”，并推动我国妇女增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷措施的推广应用。被国务院授予“有突出贡献的科学家”并享受政府特殊津贴。
现任卫生部生育健康重点实验室主任.卫生部生殖健康专家组专家。“知名专家进社区”活动“出生缺陷与残疾专业委员会”主任委员。

Catalogue

“知名医学专家对话社区医生”丛书序
前言
第一章常见的出生缺陷
第一节神经系统畸形
1.常见的神经系统畸形有哪些
2.神经管畸形是一种什么样的疾病
3.什么是脊柱裂
4.什么是无脑畸形
5.什么是脑膨出
6.什么叫小头畸形
7.什么是先天性脑积水
第二节眼部畸形
1.常见的眼部畸形有哪些
2.小眼畸形是一种什么样的疾病
3.无眼畸形是一种什么样的疾病
4.什么是先天性白内障
第三节耳部畸形
1.耳部畸形有哪些
2.什么是外耳道闭锁畸形
3.什么是先天性耳廓畸形
第四节四肢畸形
1.常见的四肢畸形有哪些
2.什么是足内（外）翻
3.什么是多指（趾）畸形
4.什么是并指（趾）畸形
5.什么是肢体短缺畸形
第五节唇腭裂
1.唇腭裂是一种什么样的疾病
2.唇腭裂分哪几种类型
3.哪些因素与唇腭裂的发生有关
第六节先天性心脏病
1.什么是先天性心脏病
2.常见的先天性心脏病有哪些
3.什么是房间隔缺损
4.什么是室间隔缺损
5.法洛四联症是一种什么样的疾病
6.主动脉狭窄是一种什么样的疾病
7.动脉导管未闭是一种什么样的疾病
8.大血管转位是一种什么样的疾病
9.左心发育不良综合征是一种什么样的疾病
第七节泌尿生殖系统畸形
1.常见的泌尿生殖系统畸形有哪些
2.什么是尿道下裂
3.什么是两性畸形
4.什么是隐睾症
5.什么是先天性多囊肾
第八节唐氏综合征
1.唐氏综合征是一种什么样的疾病
2.唐氏综合征的主要特征是什么
第九节地中海贫血
1.地中海贫血是一种什么样的疾病
2.什么情况会导致发生地中海贫血
第十节遗传代谢病
1.什么是遗传代谢病
2.苯丙酮尿症是一种什么病
3.白化病是一种什么病
第十一节先天性甲状腺功能低下症
1.先天性甲状腺功能低下症是一种什么病
2.为什么会发生先天性甲状腺功能低下症

第二章引起出生缺陷的因素
第一节遗传因素的影响
1.上一代的遗传病一定会遗传给下一代吗
2.遗传因素对出生缺陷的发生起什么作用
3.遗传因素对神经管畸形的发生起什么作用
4.遗传因素对唇腭裂的发生起什么作用
5.夫妻携带致病基因与地中海贫血的发生有什么关系
6.近亲结婚指的是什么
7.近亲结婚夫妻生的孩子为什么容易发生出生缺陷
8.近亲结婚的夫妻生的孩子容易发生哪些出生缺陷
第二节孕期不良生活习惯的影响
1.什么是不良的生活方式
2.孕妇及其丈夫喝酒会影响胎儿吗
3.孕妇及其丈夫吸烟会影响胎儿吗
4.孕妇吸食毒品会导致出生缺陷吗
5.夫妻爱洗桑拿浴或浴盆的水很热会影响胎儿吗
6.孕妇使用电热毯会导致出生缺陷吗
7.怀孕时用电脑会对胎儿产生影响吗
8.孕期化妆和染发、烫发会导致出生缺陷吗
9.孕妇的心理状态与出生缺陷有关吗
第三节感染或疾病的影响
1.孕妇患哪些病会导致孩子发生出生缺陷的风险增高
2.孕期感染风疹会导致孩子发生出生缺陷吗
3.孕妇感染巨细胞病毒会导致孩子发生出生缺陷吗
4.孕妇感染单纯疱疹病毒会导致孩子发生出生缺陷吗
5.孕期感染水痘一带状疱疹病毒会导致孩子发生出生缺陷吗
6.怀孕时患流感会导致孩子发生出生缺陷吗
7.孕妇患乙型病毒性肝炎会导致孩子发生出生缺陷吗
8.孕妇感染弓形虫会导致孩子发生出生缺陷吗
9.甲状腺功能低下的孕妇生的孩子可能发生哪些出生缺陷
10.患糖尿病的孕妇生出的孩子容易发生出生缺陷吗
……
第三章出生缺陷的一级预防（婚前、孕前和孕早期保健）
第四章出生缺陷的二级（产前筛查和产前诊断）
第五章出生缺陷的三级（新生儿出生缺陷的筛查）
附录1
附录2

Book Abstract

2.遗传因素对出生缺陷的发生起什么作用
遗传是指上一代的某些性状（例如外貌和一些器官的功能）又在下一代表现出来的现象。有些出生缺陷是具有遗传性的，也就是说，一个家族中如果已经出生过有某种出生缺陷的孩子，那么这个家族的其他成员再次生出有这种出生缺陷孩子的可能性就比一般的家族大得多。
约10％的出生缺陷完全由遗传因素引起，绝大多数出生缺陷是遗传因素和环境因素共同作用的结果。也就是说，在致畸因素存在的情况下，那些遗传上敏感的个体易发生出生缺陷。科学上用遗传度对遗传因素在疾病的发生中起的作用来进行评价，遗传度越高，说明遗传因素在疾病的发生中起的作用越大，完全由遗传因素引起的疾病，其遗传度为100％。
3.遗传因素对神经管畸形的发生起什么作用
神经管畸形的发生是遗传因素和环境因素共同作用的结果。
（1）如果一个家族里已经出生过生育神经管畸形孩子，那么这个家族里其他人生育神经管畸形孩子的可能性，比没有发生这种遗传病的家族的人要高出7倍。
（2）已经生育过一个神经管畸形的孩子的女性，她再生育有神经管畸形的孩子的危险是其他人的20～30倍。
（3）父母亲或家族中其他成员的一些基因出现异常变化，此家族的孩子就非常容易发生神经管畸形。
这说明遗传因素在某些神经管畸形的发生中具有一定的作用。

Introduction

温家宝总理2009年政府工作报告中将“加强出生缺陷的预防工作”列为2009年的工作重点，这说明了我国出生缺陷问题的严重性和出生缺陷预防工作的重要性与紧迫性。
出生缺陷是指孩子在母体内还未出生之前就患有的各种身体结构的异常。据估计我国每年在出生时即能发现的出生缺陷儿有20万～30万，加上出生后数月和数年才显现出来的出生缺陷，每年出生的具有出生缺陷的孩子高达80万～120万，占每年出生人口总数的4％～6％。
要改善这种不利于国计民生的严峻状况，必须积极地落实出生缺陷的预防措施，即做好婚前、孕前、孕早期保健，尽量避免出生缺陷的发生（一级预防）；实施产前筛查和产前诊断，避免有严重出生缺陷孩子的出生（二级预防）；采取新生儿筛查措施，及早发现和治疗出生缺陷，以减少或减轻出生缺陷导致的严重残疾（三级预防）。

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Jingdong book

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