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Jingdong book

高级认知研究：认知结构、语言理解与类似性

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高级认知研究：认知结构、语言理解与类似性

Name: 高级认知研究：认知结构、语言理解与类似性
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3116015931
Price: 42.43 USD
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《高级认知研究（认知结构语言理解与类似性）》由认知结构、语言理解和类似性三大部分构成，基本上可以反映高级认知的一部分重要知识。第1章的“认知结构”说明什么是认知结构。认知结构的框架是认知的总体观点，一种框架可以被细化为不同的理论，理论进一步形成一些预测，还要增加一些相关的假设来解释这种理论即一个模型，一种理论解释认知的一个方面便构成一个模型，一个模型可以用一个或者几个实验来测试。本章介绍了四种认知结构框架，包括EPIC、ACT-R、SOAR和4CAPS。第2章的“认知发展”以两种计算模型，即产生式系统与联想系统为基础探讨认知发展机制的来龙去脉。认知发展领域的基本问题涉及儿童知识的结构与内容以及儿童知识增长状态的发展特点。第3章讨论心理语言学的句子理解与课文理解。句子理解重点介绍了暂时歧义消除的竞争整合模型；课文理解介绍的主要模型是课文理解策略模型，这个模型是目前被广泛用于课文理解研究的建构观点。第4～6章论述类似性在类概念形成与类比推理中发挥的重要作用。在第7章作者介绍了自己的实验研究成果。

Content Description

《高级认知研究（认知结构语言理解与类似性）》适合心理学、神经科学、语言学、生理学、人工智能等领域的研究者参阅，也可作为认知科学爱好者的科普读物。人类的心理是一个很大的模块，这个大模块由许多小模块构成，其中不仅包括低水平的知觉模块与动作模块，也包括高水平的认知加工模块。《高级认知研究（认知结构语言理解与类似性）》系统地阐述了人类高级认知过程中的认知结构、语言理解和类似性方面的有关问题，并介绍了国内外有关这些领域的最新研究成果。《高级认知研究（认知结构语言理解与类似性）》对增强心理学基础理论知识，研究、解决实际心理问题具有指导和帮助意义。

Author Description

王亚同，博士，河南大学心理系教授，主要研究方向为高级认知。曾在中科院心理所学习3年，加拿大留学1年。著有《类比推理》、《课文理解》两本专著，在《社会心理学研究》、《中华心理学刊》、《教育心理学研究》等杂志上发表过多篇论文。

Catalogue

前言
第1章认知结构
1.1 EPIC
1.2 ACT-R
1.3 SOAR
1.4 4CAPS
第2章认知发展
2.1 认知发展
2.2 产生式系统
2.3 联想系统
2.4 联想理论与发展
第3章语言理解
3.1 句子理解
3.2 竞争整合模型
3.3 句子歧义消除
3.4 阅读的眼动控制
3.5 眼动控制模型
第4章关系推理
4.1 心理表征
4.2 心理表征的扩展
4.3 关系推理
4.4 抽象原理
4.5 比喻的理论
4.6 归纳推理
4.7 基于规则的心理模型
第5章类概念形成
5.1 概念内与概念间的类似性
5.2 双层概念表征
5.3 整体的与部分的类似性
5.4 类概念形成
第6章类比推理
6.1 类比理论概述
6.2 生物符号系统
第7章类比理论模拟
7.1 类比系统性效应
7.2 类比类概念形成
7.3 概念比较过程
参考文献

Book Abstract

第1章认知结构
首先，说说认知结构与框架（framework）、理论（theory）和模型（model）之间的关系。框架是关于认知的总体观点，由解释认知重要方面的一些概念构成（Anderson，1993）。例如，对长时记忆和短时记忆的区分就是一个框架。再通过一些假设让框架变成一些理论，因为只有理论才可以形成一些预测。一个框架可以被细化为许多不同的理论，因此，根据对长时记忆和短时记忆的区分，便可以形成许多理论。即使一种很好的理论也不足以精确地预测一种具体的情景，因此要增加一些相关的假设来解释这种理论如何用于这种情景，这种理论就是一个模型。理论仅仅解释认知的一个方面。一种理论可能有许多模型，一个模型可以用一个或者几个实验来测试。产生规则或者产生式规则（production rule）就是理解人类认知的具体框架。许多产生式规则构成了产生式系统，即认知结构。

Introduction

人类的心理是一个很大的模块，这个大模块由许多小模块构成，包括低水平的知觉模块与动作模块，也包括较高水平的认知加工模块。知识表征、语言理解、学习、推理与问题解决都是较高水平认知加工的重要方面。我的研究兴趣一直是心理语言学的句子理解与课文理解以及类比推理，所以我将本书起名为《高级认知研究》。本书由认知结构、语言理解和类似性三大部分构成，基本上可以反映高级认知的一部分重要知识。
第1章的“认知结构”说明什么是认知结构。认知结构的框架是认知的总体观点，一种框架可以被细化为不同的理论，理论进一步形成一些预测，还要增加一些相关的假设来解释这种理论即一个模型，一种理论解释认知的一个方面便构成一个模型，一个模型可以用一个或者几个实验来测试。本章介绍了四种认知结构框架，包括EPIC、ACT－R、SOAR和4CAPs。第2章的“认知发展”以两种计算模型，即产生式系统与联想系统为基础探讨认知发展机制的来龙去脉。认知发展领域的基本问题涉及儿童知识的结构与内容以及儿童知识增长状态的发展特点。第3章讨论心理语言学的句子理解与课文理解。句子理解重点介绍了暂时歧义消除的竞争整合模型；课文理解介绍的主要模型是课文理解策略模型，这个模型是目前被广泛用于课文理解研究的建构观点。另外，人类认知的重要方面就是人能够感知类似性与类比，这对于识别、类概念形成和学习非常重要，因为认知研究者通过大约30年的研究已经意识到，人类的推理不仅与一般的推理规则以及具体的知识有关，而且受背景的影响很大，与这种推理系统有关的学习就是增加一些事实以及应用相同的推理规则。成功的学习者能够掌握记忆中已有的最相关知识，因此这种知识可被当作学习新东西的起点。第4-6章论述类似性在类概念形成与类比推理中发挥的重要作用。在第7章作者介绍了自己的实验研究成果。

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