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国家与市场：英国重商主义时代的历史解读

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Jingdong book

国家与市场：英国重商主义时代的历史解读

Name: 国家与市场：英国重商主义时代的历史解读
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3110103251
Price: 34.73 USD
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《国家与市场：英国重商主义时代的历史解读》直面重商主义研究中最根本，但也是争议最大的课题，即国家与市场的关系课题。作者在充分吸收前人研究成果的基础上，通过对史实的具体分析指出，在重商主义时代，英国国家和市场经济的关系并非一成不变，事实上，它经历了一个递次演进的过程。作者将该过程划分为三个阶段，并通过比较分析揭示出：国家的职能随着市场经济的发展不断调整，由对市场经济的全面控制逐步过渡到取消管制，最终实现了国家与市场经济的共生共荣。全书观点鲜明，言之成理，富有创新性。

Author Description

李新宽，男，内蒙古卓资人，历史学博士，现为东北师范大学世界中古史研究所副教授，曾在武汉大学做博士后研究。主要研究方向为中世纪晚期近代早期英国经济史和社会史，主持完成一项国家社科基金后期资助项目，发表学术论文近20篇，出版《米开朗基罗——孤独的巨匠》、《但丁——意大利民族诗人之冠》等著作。

Catalogue

序言

绪论
第一节本课题的研究现状
第二节基本概念的演变和时段
第三节本课题的意义和研究方法

第一章国家与市场经济关系的历史背景
第一节市场经济对国家管理的要求
第二节国家经济职能的增强和管理机构的完善

第二章国家与市场经济关系的思想和政策背景
第一节思想背景——重商主义思想的演变
第二节政策背景——重商主义政策的演进

第三章国家与日常经济：从全面控制到逐步放松
第一节平抑物价
第二节调节工资
第三节管制食品交易
第四节济贫
第五节解决就业
第六节促进消费

第四章国家与国内产业：从干预管理到取消管制
第一节为商业发展铺路
第二节对工业的控制
第三节政府与农业变革
第四节对技术革新的复杂态度

第五章国家与海外贸易：从强力助推到自由贸易
第一节外贸特许制度
第二节禁止金银出口
第三节促进工业品出口
第四节管制粮食进出口
第五节支持殖民开拓市场

第六章财政与税收：国家与市场力量的博弈
第一节国家的财政危机
第二节对制税权的争夺
第三节近代国家税制的形成

第七章国家与市场经济互动的结果
第一节国家对市场经济发展的促进
第二节国家控制对市场发展的阻碍
第三节市场经济发展促进国家构建
第四节国家与市场经济关系的整体结构

参考文献
附录一：英国重商主义思想的分期问题
附录二：论英国重商主义政策的阶段性演进
主要人名地名译文对照表

Book Abstract

当国内谷物价格不高的时候，进口谷物要征收高额关税，当小麦价格没超过48先令时，税率是每夸脱5先令4便士；黑麦、豌豆和蚕豆没超过32先令时，征收4先令；大麦和麦芽没超过28先令时，征收2先令8便士；荞麦不超过28先令时，征收2先令；燕麦不超过13先令4便士，征收l先令4便士。①这是英国农业史上谷物首次得到高关税保护。
到1670年，粮食出口价格限制完全放开，规定不管是外国人还是本国人，不管谷物价格是多少，都可以出口谷物，照章缴纳关税即可。1672年实行了临时的谷物出口奖励制度，到1689年正式实施出口奖励金制度。根据1689年法令前言的说明，如果向国外出口谷物，国内价格较低的话，不仅对地主来说，而且对整个国家的贸易来说，都是一项很大的优势。因此，法令规定，在英格兰和威尔士任何港口，当小麦每夸脱价格在48先令或者48先令以下，黑麦32先令，麦芽或大麦24先令时，国家给予谷物出口奖励金。②这种低价战略使得英国在18世纪上半叶已成为欧洲主要的谷物出口国，政府的资助金占到出口谷物价值的16.5%，英国人成功地把波罗的海地区、法国的生产者排挤出荷兰市场，在贩运粮食的贸易中取代了荷兰人。沃勒斯坦认为：“这种资助普遍奏效，并且在英国农业生产所有地区都可以感受到它的影响，这一点可以通过在这一高出口时期整个英国的小麦价格日趋统一表现出来。”③
第五节支持殖民开拓市场
从都铎王朝开始，国家日益成为海外商人的强大后盾，通过政治、外交甚至军事手段来推动海外贸易的发展，帮助商人开拓海外市场和殖民地。
在重商主义时代，英国政府通过和平谈判的方式，以国家的名义与许多国家缔结了互惠互利的商业条约，保障英国商人在欧洲大陆从事贸易的相应权利，同时利用与不同国家的条约削弱和打击主要的商业对手。
……

Introduction

重商主义是1500-1750年间在欧洲普遍流行的经济思想和相关实践，其基本特征是鼓励出口，限制进口，以实现有利的贸易平衡。重商主义是在欧洲民族国家兴起的大背景之下出现的，追求的是国富国强的双重目的，因此，同18世纪后期兴起的自由放任主义思想不同，重商主义将国家利益放在突出位置，并采取了一系列国家干预政策。亚当·斯密对重商主义进行过系统批判，在他看来国家对经济的干预绝无必要，自由贸易能使贸易参与国都获利；重商主义不过是商人的阴谋罢了。但19世纪晚期德国的历史学派经济学家古斯塔夫·施莫勒反对从纯经济理论角度解读重商主义，他认为重商主义是16、17世纪欧洲特定历史发展阶段，即国家形成过程的产物，“这种制度的实质不在于某种货币理论，或贸易平衡理论；也不在于关税壁垒，保护关税，’或航海法；而是在于某种大得多的事物——即国家及其制度，还有社会及其组织的整个改变；民族国家的经济政策对地方的和区域的经济政策的取代”。由于重商主义可以用不同的方法，不同的观点去研究，因此直到今天西方学界对重商主义的争议仍然很大。
重商主义是近代早期英国政府的基本国策。正是由于成功地推行了该政策，英国才能够在这一时期欧洲群雄逐鹿的斗争中最终胜出；重商主义也使英国传统的农本经济得到了改造，从而奠定了英国工业革命的基础。因此，重商主义是近代早期英国史研究绕不开的问题。但遗憾的是，由于该问题难度太大，到目前为止国内的相关研究成果，特别是有分量的研究成果尚不多见。李新宽在多年研究和积累的基础上，推出本书《国家与市场——英国重商主义时代的历史解读》，弥补了国内近代早期英国史研究中一个大的薄弱环节，显示了作者不畏艰险，敢于啃硬骨头的精神。
本书直面重商主义研究中最根本，但也是争议最大的课题，即国家与市场经济的关系课题。作者在充分吸收前人研究成果的基础上，通过对史实的具体分析，指出在重商主义时代英国国家和市场经济的关系并非一成不变的，事实上，它经历了一个递次演进的过程。作者将该过程划分为三个阶段，并通过比较分析揭示出国家的职能随着市场经济的发展不断调整，由对市场经济的全面控制逐步过渡到取消管制，最终实现了国家与市场经济的共生共荣。全书观点鲜明，言之成理，富有创新性。
李新宽曾在武汉大学做博士后研究，我是他的合作导师。本书就是他在博士后研究成果基础上，进一步扩充完善而成的。李新宽淡泊名利，潜心向学，给我留下了深刻印象。我相信他会以本书的出版为出发点，攀登新的学术高峰。

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