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Jingdong book

纪录片：历史与理论

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Jingdong book

纪录片：历史与理论

Name: 纪录片：历史与理论
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3108003531
Price: 43.34 USD
Availability: OutOfStock

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Content Description

《纪录片：历史与理论》介绍了纪录片的产生、发展以及现状，分析了纪录片创作中政治、工业和道德的因素所起的影响，《纪录片：历史与理论》的新意体现在将纪录片的理论和论理问题交织在一起进行讨论，解决了因为纪录片的快速发展所产生的新的问题，提供了新的研究角度。《纪录片：历史与理论》初版于1995年，再版于2008年，被誉为世界理论化阐述的纪录片史*，在西方学界影响深远。其中若干重要论点被学界广泛讨论和接受，世界多所大学将其列为必读书目。

Author Description

布莱恩·温斯顿，世界知名纪录片理论家、传播学理论家，格拉斯哥学派奠基人之一，当代西方纪录片理论奠基人之一。历任美国纽约大学电影系主任、宾州州立大学新闻学院首任院长、英国西敏寺大学媒体学院首任院长、林肯大学副校长等职务。从1970年代开始从事纪录片创作，作品曾获美国艾美奖。

Comments

★“帮助确立这一新兴学术领域（纪录片研究）的人包括……尤其是英国的布莱恩·温斯顿，他既是一位成功的纪录片创作者，也是一位成功的学者。温斯顿敏锐、智慧而又充满反叛精神的著述或许是世界纪录片研究领域中，最富挑战、也最令人愉悦的部分。”
——贝特西·麦克莱恩，《新编纪录片史》（2012）

★“（这本书是）英语世界第一部理论化阐述的纪录片史。”
——简·盖恩斯，《政治模仿》（1999）

Catalogue

第一版序言
第二版序言
中译本序言

第一部分对事实的创造性处理
1．纪录片与CGI（计算机成像）
2．1914年的纪录片
3．纪录片作为一种对事实的创造性处理

第二部分创造性：纪录片作为艺术
4．摄影作为艺术
5．纪录片人作为拓荒者／艺术家
6．格里尔逊式艺术家
7．纪录片与现实主义绘画
8．现实主义的政治性
9．逃避社会意义
10．贫困悲苦的人物：牺牲者和问题时刻
11．态度严肃的家伙：政治与诗学
12．他从没用过“革命”这个词
13．掌控、累积式地掌控一代人的心灵
14．美国纪录片对社会意义的逃避
15．特别的政治价值
16．为事业争取新的同志
17．一种奇怪的评论

第三部分处理：纪录片作为戏剧
18．被叙述的生活
19．“时序——逻辑”
20．非叙事：在头脑中比在银幕上更有效
21．真诚而正当的情景再现

第四部分事实：纪录片作为科学
22．摄影作为科学
23．科学作为刻录
24．法律中的证据
25．纪录片目标议程的技术化
26．纪录片作为科学刻录：电影作为证据
27．启示性的瞬间
28．这种主客观的东西全都是胡扯
29．电影真理报
30．电影作为民族志
31．电影作为真相
32．视觉人类学的原则
33．汤里的苍蝇：真实电影的影响
34．墙上的苍蝇：直接电影的影响

第五部分后格里尔逊式纪录片？
35．“自然主义的幻觉”
36．“认识论的战场”
37．“造成某种区别的区别”
38．“哪有什么限制？”
39．“人类主体的自愿授权”
40．什么能够引发公众的关注
41．“人类成就中的最低点”
42．后格里尔逊式纪录片：概述
43．后格里尔逊式纪录片：更远的海岸
44．“不要惧怕……”

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参考文献
译后记

Book Abstract

《纪录片：历史与理论》：
于是，科学使纪录片观众担当了电影陪审团的角色。纪录片的模拟功能是基于对证据性质的假定，这种假定来源于将摄影机视作科学仪器的定位。摄影机的科学地位是格里尔逊式纪录片真实性诉求的基石。而法律则挤进来提供了一个文化语境，使得观众以陪审团的身份进行运作——这个语境有它自身的种种局限。
25.纪录片目标议程的技术化
这种有力的法律框架让第一代现实主义纪录片制作者们不必旗帜鲜明地利用其与科学的关联——也就是说，照片作为证据的理念所具有的文化力量。人们可以获取事实，就像可以读取数据一样。而且叙事性的要求让格里尔逊派陷入了好莱坞关于时空连续性的常规标准的枷锁之中，它总在这样那样妨碍他们对科学语境的强调。他们越想避免“无形的复制”，就越使自己脱离证据、观察和科学。但这并没有削弱科学对他们的事业的重要性。
由于纪录片与剧情片使用相同的技术、相同的工作方法以及相同的戏剧化目标，其中的混乱只有在影片创作者的目的和观众所作的反应（即所谓“公众教育”）中，通过含蓄的对科学的指涉，才能得到澄清。影像设备含蓄的文化定位是上述努力的核心，但它也有它的代价。
长期来看（即到了20世纪40年代晚期时），科学不再是纪录片工作者们心甘情愿、默默无闻的仆人了。相反，它变成了要求苛刻的老板。具体来说，要求干预和中介作用的传统纪录片技巧日益被看做是不合适乃至很坏的做法，它们与摄影机内在的对于真实性的诉求相矛盾。在有声电影到来之后，情景再现的做法变得越来越常见，也变得越来越可疑。如果纪录片的特点就是提供了真实世界的证据，这类操纵怎么可能有合法性呢？越来越多的人认为这是不可能的。
由于一开始阿拉戈对于照相设备的诉求过于强烈了，以至于纪录片发现自己已经陷入了困境。对于战后的纪录片工作者来说，机器很能够容易取得证据的提法显得有些太夸张了。实际上，当时电影设备虽然在摄影棚内有所发展，任何设备都无法实现对真实世界进行实时的记录。获取影像需要种种大规模的干预，如果再要想取得声音，或者在自然光不那么明亮时进行拍摄，情况就更糟。这是电影拍摄中的问题，但对于纪录片工作者来说，就更让人烦恼。新一代摄影师越来越相信，摄影机太不灵活，太碍眼，纪录片的真相诉求只有在设备彻底重新设计之后，才能够延续。
作为一种技术解决方案，体积小，又对光线足够敏感的可录音的摄影机并没有立即为那些纪录片先驱们所拥有。首先，对于格里尔逊，洛伦兹和紧随他们的后来者来说，隐含的科学基础仍然完好。其次，将摄影装备小型化的选择并不像后来那样有吸引力。正如我已经指出的，小型的次标准的16毫米或更小的尺寸意味着业余，也许还意味着政治激进，而这就更糟糕了。人们对技术的怀疑并不仅限于质量上的缺陷。
不管怎样，第一代现实主义纪录片工作者倾向于回避技术上的进步。他们不仅几乎忽视了16毫米电影，甚至对35毫米影片它们也试图绕过同期声。保罗·罗萨在1935年写道：
总体来说……同期声和同期拍得的话语在纪录片制作中并不占有很大的
比重……在这方面，有一个操作性的要点我们记得很清楚——与今天自动摄影机的紧凑特点相比，携带声音设备的困难要大得多。广播车总是巨大而笨重。它们分散注意力，影响被拍摄象的自然特点，还破坏纪录片工作者试图与被拍摄对象建立起来的友好关系。移动声响……对于搜集野外自然声响最有用，而在这种情况下，它是与画面摄影机分别使用的。（Rotha，1966，p.165）
对于罗萨来说，矛盾的是声音并没有增加现实性而是干扰了它，而且降低了影片制作者接触拍摄对象的能力。
……

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